Sunday, October 30, 2016

True And False Peace In A Troubled World

Image result for perilous times
“But of the times and the seasons, brethren, ye have no need that I write unto you. For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night. For when they shall say, Peace and safety; then sudden destruction cometh upon them, as travail upon a woman with child; and they shall not escape. But ye, brethren, are not in darkness, that that day should overtake you as a thief. Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness. Therefore let us not sleep, as do others; but let us watch and be sober.”
I Thessalonians 5:1-6
“And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.”
Genesis 11:6
“Though thou exalt thyself as the eagle, and though thou set thy nest among the stars, thence will I bring thee down, saith the Lord.”
Obadiah 1:4
“Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.”
John 14:27

In this issue of the Last Trumpet Newsletter, we will conduct another sobering study on today’s current events. The world as we know it today is filled with great turbulence, disorder, and uproar. We see a world that despite its amazing advancements seems to be deteriorating at a rapid pace. This downward spiral continues even as institutions such as the United Nations promise the world peace and safety.
On September 21, 2016, the United Nations observed the 35th annual International Day of Peace. In the days leading up to this event, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-Moon, urged the world to adopt its 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development insisting that these ambitious goals, which essentially amount to the establishment of a one world government, are the “building blocks” for peace. (1) “Sustainable development is essential for lasting peace, and both depend on respect for human rights. All of us can be sustainable development advocates,” Mr. Ban declared. He further went on to say, “On this International Day of Peace, express your commitment to peace by becoming a champion for the SDGs. (Sustainable Development Goals.)” (2)
Meanwhile, soon to be outgoing, American President Barack Obama gave his final address before the United Nations on September 20, 2016. In this speech, Obama urged the world to embrace a globalist agenda. “And so I believe that at this moment we all face a choice. We can choose to press forward with a better model of cooperation and integration. Or we can retreat into a world sharply divided, and ultimately in conflict, along age-old lines of nation and tribe and race and religion,” Obama said. He later went on to say, “We can only eliminate extreme poverty if the sustainable development goals that we have set are more than words on paper. Human ingenuity now gives us the capacity to feed the hungry and give all of our children – including our girls – the education that is the foundation for opportunity in our world. But we have to put our money where our mouths are. And we can only realize the promise of this institution’s founding – to replace the ravages of war with cooperation – if powerful nations like my own accept constraints.” In another portion of the speech, Obama told his audience that “young people need a global education in order to thrive.” (3) It is interesting to note that rumors have circulated in recent months that claim Barack Obama would like to be the next Secretary-General of the United Nations. Perhaps this speech by Obama was an audition for the part. His goals certainly align with the United Nations, and we know that the UN is continually working to establish a global government.
As it turns out, Barack Obama was not the only notable figure who was busy on September 20, 2016. On this day, Pope Francis joined other religious leaders in the town of Assisi, Italy, to take part in an event called the World Day of Prayer for Peace. The event was also attended by the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of the Eastern Orthodox religion, and Justin Welby, who is the Archbishop of Canterbury. (4) Also present at the assembly were leaders of Islam, Judaism, and Buddhism. (5) At this event, the pope declared that “the world thirsts for peace.” (6)
From what I have seen and heard of Pope Francis, I do believe that he is a man who is determined to unite the religions of the world. Yet, religious leaders have been gathering each year in Assisi for the last thirty years, and there is still a profound lack of peace in the world. The United Nations has been observing an International Day of Peace for thirty-five years and still has not wrought peace in the world. There is no peace in Syria, there is no peace in Iraq, there is no peace in Israel, there is no peace in Afghanistan, there is no peace in numerous regions of Africa, there is no peace in Venezuela, and there is not even peace in the United States right now. How can we have peace? Uniting the religions of the world is not the answer, nor is establishing a one world government. Yet, there is a genuine peace of God that is unlike the highly sought after peace of the world. In John 14:27, Jesus tells us, “Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.” If you have not yet found this peace, I urge you to turn to God, repent of your sins, and dedicate your life to Him.

Perilous Times In America!
When we read or watch the news in the United States, the headlines we see are quite distressing. Indeed, the opening stories for local news broadcasts will often recount numerous murders and acts of violence. In many large cities in this country, violent crime has risen exponentially. This development prompted the New York Times to publish a story on September 9, 2016, which declares, “Murder Rates Rose in a Quarter of the Nation’s 100 Largest Cities.” According to the story, murder rates began trending upward in 2015, with the most drastic increases occurring in Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Cleveland, Ohio; Houston, Texas; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Nashville, Tennessee; and Washington, D.C. (7)
The aforementioned report indicates that much of the increase in crime is drug related. During the month of April 2015, as the city of Baltimore, Maryland, was suffering from rioting, industrious thieves used the opportunity to steal 315,000 doses of drugs from pharmacies and medical clinics. This flooded the market with illegal drugs, which in turn led to violent crimes as competing factions jockeyed for territory in Baltimore. (8) However, drug use is not just a problem in large cities like Baltimore or Chicago. My hometown of Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, which is located just ninety minutes away from Milwaukee, is now suffering the detrimental consequences of heroin abuse. Following the deaths of two people who overdosed on heroin in early 2016 in Beaver Dam, plus two more deaths within the county line, Dodge County Sheriff Dale Schmidt was quoted as saying, “It’s everybody from teens to people in their 50s. We’ve definitely seen an increase. I’ve never seen it this bad.” This ordinarily quiet region of Wisconsin suffered twenty deaths from heroin overdoses in 2015. (9)
Meanwhile, the racial tension in the United States is palpable. This tension has grown worse in the month of September 2016 as two black men were shot and killed by police officers. The first incident occurred on September 16, 2016, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, when a white female police officer inexplicably shot and killed an unarmed 40 year-old black man by the name of Terence Crutcher as his car idled on the road. In the aftermath of this shooting, the police officer, Betty Shelby, has been charged with first degree manslaughter. (10)
The second shooting occurred on September 20, 2016, in Charlotte, North Carolina. According to reports, a 43 year-old black man by the name of Keith Lamont Scott was shot and killed by a black police officer after refusing repeated orders to drop a gun he was carrying. (11) The shooting led to violent rioting and protests in the city of Charlotte that lasted at least three nights. One protestor was reportedly shot by another protestor in Charlotte on September 21, 2016, and eventually died. (12) In response to the uproar, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory activated the National Guard, and riot police were also on hand to stem the violence. (13) “We are going to be a lot more proactive. We made 44 arrests last night because we are not going to tolerate the behavior,” declared Charlotte Chief of Police Kerr Putney. (14)
Sadly, the prevalent racial tension in America is stoking the flames of hatred once again. For example, a man claiming to be the brother of the man who was shot in North Carolina is featured in a video that surfaced on the Internet. In this video, the man is heard to say, “Just know that all white people are (expletive) devils. All white cops are (expletive) devils and white people.” (15) This statement was made despite the fact that the police officer who was involved in the shooting, Brentley Vinson, is a black man. (16)
When Barack Obama became the first black president in the United States, there was an expectation from many people that he would be a leader who unites the country and alleviates racially motivated strife. Oddly enough, since Obama became president in 2009, there have been at least ten race riots in the United States, and it has been increasingly common to see National Guard soldiers patrolling the streets in America’s largest and most volatile cities. In 2016, riots erupted in Charlotte, North Carolina; Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and St. Paul, Minnesota. In recent years, there were riots in such places as Baltimore, Maryland, and Ferguson, Missouri. (17) It seems that there are forces behind the scenes that are determined to fracture the United States and reshape the country to their liking. According to a report in the Washington Times, this includes the elitist billionaire George Soros who has been privily funding protests via backchannels dating back to the unrest of Ferguson in 2014. (18) Perhaps it is a scheme to establish order from chaos. In any case, we know that Satan loves to watch people destroy each other, and he is ultimately the driving force behind the hatred that is so common in our world today.

Is Hillary Clinton’s Health In Question?
For many months, there has been speculation that American presidential candidate Hillary Clinton is suffering from serious health conditions. People have wondered if this is the real reason she has avoided holding press conferences and is often reluctant to speak with reporters. For most of this time, mainstream news sources have not covered these rumors. In fact, one reporter, who formerly wrote for the liberal news outlet known as the Huffington Post, was terminated from his employment in late August 2016 after he wrote two articles which questioned the health of Clinton. “I’ve written hundreds of stories, filed hundreds of stories over my years as a journalist and pundit, and I’ve never had this happen,” said reporter David Seaman. He further went on to say, “A couple of times in the past, I’ve had legal concerns with something I’ve reported on so there was discussion with something I’d reported on… but they didn’t simply delete the articles, make them disappear from the Internet and revoke my access. I’ve honestly never seen anything like this, and this is happening in the United States in 2016. It’s frankly chilling. I’m a little scared.” (19) It certainly was stunning that these reports were squashed so quickly, but it is not surprising considering the penchant of Hillary Clinton to silence all opposing voices by any means necessary.
Events that transpired in September 2016, however, forced the media to report on Clinton’s condition. The first of these events occurred on September 5, 2016, when Hillary Clinton delivered a speech in Cleveland, Ohio. As she began her remarks, Clinton was pestered by a persistent cough that simply would not go away for a lengthy period of time. Clinton blamed her coughing fit on allergies and even told the audience, “Every time I think about (Donald) Trump I get allergic.” Her voice remained shaky and weak for the duration of her speech, and MSNBC news anchor Ari Melber was quoted as saying, “She had quite a coughing fit. That’s one of the worst coughing fits I have seen from her.” ((20) Of course, everyone has a coughing fit from time to time, so the fact that Clinton suffered from one does not necessarily mean she is in poor health. However, less than a week later, Clinton’s health was again called into question when she attended a memorial in New York City on September 11, 2016. According to reports, Clinton had to leave the event early because she was feeling overheated. As Secret Service agents attempted to escort her to a vehicle, she fainted. The agents were then forced to transport her to the vehicle while hoping to avoid unwanted attention, but this entire fiasco was captured on video and widely viewed by audiences all over the world. In the aftermath of Clinton’s fainting episode, her physician, Lisa R. Bardack, issued a statement saying, “Secretary Clinton has been experiencing a cough related to allergies. On Friday, during a follow up evaluation of her prolonged cough, she was diagnosed with pneumonia. She was put on antibiotics, and advised to rest and modify her schedule. While at this morning’s event, she became overheated and dehydrated. I have just examined her and she is now re-hydrated and recovering nicely.” (21) After Clinton’s mishap in New York, the mainstream media finally began to question her health. A headline from the Washington Post that was published on September 11, 2016, declares, “Hillary Clinton’s health just became a real issue in the presidential campaign.” (22) Of course, this was not the first time Clinton has fainted. In late 2012, Clinton fainted, suffered a concussion, and was eventually found to have a serious blood clot. (23) Perhaps the weight of Clinton’s sins and treachery are affecting her health. Without question, attempts have been made by Clinton and her campaign to hide the truth of her condition, but the truth always seems to come out eventually.
“Though Thou Set Thy Nest Among The Stars”
WWe live in a world today that is continually advancing by way of extraordinary technology and amazing capabilities. However, sometimes a society can advance too far. In the eleventh chapter of the book of Genesis, we learn that a one world government once existed. This was an advanced society where everyone spoke the same language, and the people assumed that there was nothing that could stop them. It was at this time that these people decided to build the Tower of Babel which they said would reach the heavens and thus prevent God from destroying them with another flood such as the one He had caused in Noah’s day. It was at this point that God looked down at the endeavors of man, and His reaction is found in Genesis 11:6 which tells us, “And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do: and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.” It was at this point that God made the decision to scatter the people by confounding their languages, and then He further emphasized this separation by dividing the land mass of the Earth. We live in a world today where technology is reuniting the world and removing language barriers.
Once again, man is reaching for the stars, so to speak, with the expectation that even the average man or woman will soon be able to visit outer space. In fact, Jeff Bezos, who is the well-known founder of the famous Internet retailer known as Amazon.com, has ambitions that go far beyond selling books, electronics, appliances, groceries, and household items. In addition to Amazon, Mr. Bezos also owns a space exploration company known as Blue Origin. This company has already been launching rockets into space, and plans are underway to develop special transport capsules suitable for space travel that will allow tourists to venture beyond our planet for the first time. Incredibly, it is expected that Blue Origin will have these space vehicles ready by the year 2018. It is the hope of Mr. Bezos that the human race will someday expand beyond the constraints of earth. “I wish there were a trillion humans in the solar system. Think how cool that would be. You’d have a thousand Einsteins at any given moment – and more. There would be so much dynamism with all of that human intelligence. But you can’t do that with the resources on Earth or the energy on Earth. So if you really want to see that kind of dynamic civilization as we expand through the solar system, you have to figure out how to safely move around and use resources that you get in space,” Bezos said. (24) This plan is obviously quite ambitious, and it sounds too fantastical to believe, yet men such as Jeff Bezos believe such plans will really be possible someday. Could this be another attempt by man to outsmart God? Perhaps they think that if the earth is destroyed, they can simply move into space. Considering the inability of the human race to live peacefully on earth, perhaps ambitions to expand into space are not such a good idea. When I ponder this thought, I cannot help but think of the words we find in Obadiah 1:4 which declares, “Though thou exalt thyself as the eagle, and though thou set thy nest among the stars, thence will I bring thee down, saith the Lord.”

Human Transportation May Soon Change Forever!
In last month’s issue of the Last Trumpet Newsletter, we covered some of the rapid development now occurring in the field of autonomous vehicles or driverless cars. If you read last month’s issue, you are well aware that an autonomous vehicle taxi service is now being tested in Singapore, and the ride service company known as Uber is testing driverless cars in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Just how close are we to such vehicles reaching the mainstream? We are so close to this becoming reality that the federal government of the United States has issued new guidelines for the usage of such vehicles in this country. “We’re saying that when the software is operating the vehicle, that is an area that we intend to regulate. When a human being is operating the vehicle, the traditional laws that have conventionally applied will still apply,” stated Transportation Secretary Anthony Foxx. The government has promised to expedite requests from vehicle and technology companies for approval and guidance on how to use new autonomous vehicle technology. (25) The iconic Ford Motor Company is planning to use driverless cars to shuttle its employees around its facilities beginning in 2018. They also plan to release such vehicles to the general public in 2021. “Strides in this technology have the potential to improve safety on our roads and reduce congestion in urban areas. We also look forward to collaborating with states on areas that complement this national framework,” Ford said in a statement. (26)
When people hear all this talk of driverless cars, they might think it will just be an unusual novelty that will never really catch on. However, the mainstream news media outlet known as Bloomberg recently published a story with an ominous headline which declares, “Get Ready for Freeways That Ban Human Drivers.” (27) According to the article, it is fully expected that people will be forced to use autonomous vehicles in the future and no longer be allowed to drive! “In city centers, you don’t want non-automated vehicles: they would just ruin the whole point of why you have a smart city. It makes it a dumb city,” opined Kristin Schondorf, a consultant at the professional services company known as EY. (27) It has even been proposed that a 150 mile stretch of Interstate Highway 5 that goes from Seattle, Washington, to Vancouver, British Columbia, ban all human drivers. “Problems with drivers not paying attention or getting sleepy or getting drunk are really ripe for autonomous to do a better job than humans,” declared Ron Medford, who is the safety director at Google’s self-driving car division. (28) His peers echoed this sentiment. “Long term, these vehicles will drive better than any human possibly can. We’re not there yet, but we will get there sooner than we believe,” insisted Danny Shapiro, a senior director at Nvidia Corporation. (29) Finally, Raj Rajhumar, who is co-director of the General-Motors-Carnegie Mellon Autonomous Driving Collaborative Research Lab was quoted as saying, “Behind the wheel, we are only human and we are expected to screw up. There will come a point in time where we should not be allowed to drive.” (30)
A world where human beings are no longer allowed to drive vehicles would be an ideal situation for an oppressive one world government. In essence, people would be surrendering their autonomy to a machine. Whether or not we actually reach our destination would suddenly depend on if we were allowed to go where we wanted to go. It would also certainly be most difficult to live off the grid away from the prying eyes of Big Brother. Yet, this could be the condition of our world very soon.
IIn closing, there are many things happening in this world that cause great anxiety. We live in a troubled world. While I do not know what the future may hold, I do know that ultimately, God is in control. I find great comfort in the words of our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ. In John 16:33 he tells us, “These things I have spoken unto you, that in me ye might have peace. In the world ye shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the world.” Note that Jesus warns us that we will have tribulation, but He also tells us that we will have peace at the same time. The peace of the Lord Jesus Christ is not the same peace they talk about at the United Nations. It is a peace that cannot adequately be explained with words. For as it says in Philippians 4:7, “And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.”
Thank you all for your continued support of this ministry. We could not do what we do without your help. By the grace of God, we will continue this ministry, which began so many years ago, for as long as we possibly can. If you have any prayer requests, you can send them our way through the mail or email. We always give each prayer request individual attention. We know that God hears us when we call on Him. Grace and peace be unto you in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ.

Samuel David Meyer

Acknowledgements

01. UN News Centre, September 16, 2016, By UN News Centre, http://un.org.
02. Ibid.
03. Time Magazine, September 20, 2016, By Katie Reilly, http://time.com.
04. PBS News, September 23, 2016, By PBS News, http://pbs.org.
05. Ibid.
06. AFP, September 20, 2016, By Catherine Marciano and Ella Ide, Assisi, Italy.
07. The New York Times, September 9, 2016, By Haeyoun Park and Josh Katz, http://nytimes.com.
08. Ibid.
09. Fond du Lac Reporter, March 14, 2016, By Nate Beck, http://fdlreporter.com.
10. Associated Press, September 22, 2016, By Associated Press, Tulsa, OK.
11. The Washington Post, September 21, 2016, By Cleve R. Wootson Jr., Derek Hawkins, and Lindsey Bever, http://washingtonpost.com.
12. CBS Local News, September 22, 2016, By CBS Local News, http://newyork.cbslocal.com.
13. ThinkProgress, September 22, 2016, By Alan Pyke, http://thinkprogress.org.
14. AFP, September 21, 2016, By Michael Mathes, Charlotte, NC.
15. The Blaze, September 21, 2016, By Chris Enloe, http://theblaze.com.
16. Charlotte Observer, September 21, 2016, By Langston Wertz Jr., Rick Rothacker, and Maria David, http://charlotteobserver.com.
17. The Daily Caller, September 24, 2016, By Justin Caruso, http://dailycaller.com.
18. The Washington Times, January 14, 2015, By Kelly Riddell, http://washingtontimes.com.
19. The Daily Caller, August 29, 2016, By Christian Datoc, http://dailycaller.com.
20. Real Clear Politics, September 5, 2016, By Ian Schwartz, http://realclearpolitics.com.
21. NBC News, September 11, 2016, By Monica Alba, Kristen Welker, Ali Vitali, and Hasani Gittens, http://nbcnews.com.
22. The Washington Post, September 11, 2016, By Chris Cillizza, http://washingtonpost.com.
23. Ibid.
24. The Washington Post, September 15, 2016, By Christian Davenport, http://washingtonpost.com.
25. The Detroit News, September 20, 2016, By Melissa Nann Burke and Michael Wayland, http://detroitnews.com.
26. Ibid.
27. Bloomberg News, September 22, 2016, By Keith Naughton, http://bloomberg.com.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.

Saturday, October 29, 2016

Is the SDA Leadership Hiding Our Past?


The study suggests that telling small, insignificant lies desensitises the brain to dishonesty


The study suggests that telling small, insignificant lies desensitises the brain to dishonesty, meaning that lying gradually feels more comfortable over time.

American fraudster Frank Abagnale, played by Leonardo DiCaprio in the film Catch Me If You Can, started out swindling his father out of small change for date money and ended up impersonating an airline pilot, despite the admission that he “couldn’t fly a kite”.
Now scientists have uncovered an explanation for why telling a few porkies has the tendency to spiral out of control. The study suggests that telling small, insignificant lies desensitises the brain to dishonesty, meaning that lying gradually feels more comfortable over time.
Tali Sharot, a neuroscientist at University College London and senior author, said: “Whether it’s evading tax, infidelity, doping in sports, making up data in science or financial fraud, deceivers often recall how small acts of dishonesty snowballed over time and they suddenly found themselves committing quite large crimes.”
Sharot and colleagues suspected that this phenomenon was due to changes in the brain’s response to lying, rather than simply being a case of one lie necessitating another to maintain a story.
In the study, published on Monday in the journal Nature Neuroscience, 80 volunteers played a game in which they estimated the value of pennies in a jar and sent their guess to an unseen partner. Sometimes participants were told they would secretly benefit at their partner’s expense if they overestimated the cash in the jar, incentivising them to lie.
Neil Garrett, also of UCL and a co-author, said: “We knew by how many British pounds they lied on each trial. The amount by which participants lied got larger and larger.”
At first, volunteers tended to alter the jar’s value by around £1, but this typically ramped up to about £8 by the end of the session.
Twenty-five of the volunteers played the game while having their brain activity monitored by an MRI scanner. This showed that the amygdala, a part of the brain linked with emotion, was most active when people told their first lie. But while the untruths escalated in magnitude, the amygdala’s response gradually declined - and larger drops in brain activity predicted bigger lies in future.
The researchers said this adaptation effect was similar to those seen in basic sensory experiences. A scent becomes less potent when smelt repeatedly, for instance.
“You can imagine cheating a bit like perfume,” said Sharot. The first time you cheat on your taxes you feel quite bad, she added, but if you get away with it and benefit this bad behaviour is reinforced and the next time it doesn’t feel quite so bad, leading you to cheat even more.
Professor Marcus Raichle, a neurologist of the Washington School of Medicine in St Louis who was not involved in the work, said that lying was probably a learnt behaviour. “It’s a nice study... It seems reasonable that if you develop a pattern of behaviour and it’s reinforced that you would return to that habit,” he said. “An interesting question is whether there would be interventions to un-train somebody. If you’re a chronic liar that’s really a problem for society.”
He added that there was little prospect of converting the findings into a more accurate lie detection test - in fact, the variation over time in the brain’s response to lying demonstrates how difficult it would be to come up with a universal test. “Lie detection using fMRI isn’t ready for prime time,” he said.
The scientists speculate that the amygdala activity could represent the internal conflict between wanting to see oneself as honest and being tempted to act in self-interest by lying. This would fit with the scientists’ observation that people appeared to lie more readily in tasks where it benefited both themselves and their partner - possibly because it was easier to justify a lie that served the common good.                                   The Guardian

Life expectancy for Americans aged 25 to 85 is getting shorter

© Shannon Stapleton
Life expectancy for Americans aged 25 to 85 is getting shorter, according to a new study. For 65-year-old males and females, expected lifespan has fallen by six months compared to projections in 2015, the study found.
The Society of Actuaries (SOA) released its latest annual mortality improvement scale for pension plans earlier this month. The scale is crafted using Social Security Administration data from 2012 to 2014 on mortality of Americans of all ages, and is used by pension plans to "help accurately measure pension obligations,"said Dale Hall, SOA's managing director of research.
"The updated improvement scale suggests US mortality continues to improve, but at a slower average rate of improvement than previous years, which may decrease pension plan obligations slightly," SOA said, adding that the "updated improvement scale indicates a slight decline in life expectancy as a result of the slower average rate of mortality improvement."
For example, in 2015, the average 65-year-old American male was expected to live to 86.2, while the average female of the same age was expected to live to 88.2. New projections by the SOA posit that life expectancy for 65-year-old males is more like 85.8, and 87.8 for females of the same age.
SOA's calculations are made with an assumption that Americans' longevity will continue to improve. And while the average millennial that reaches age 65 is expected to live a few more years than the average baby boomer, life expectancy is getting shorter for younger Americans as well, the study found.
Life expectancy for female Americans ages 25 to 55 went down by 0.6 years – same as males ages 45 to 65 – while males in the 25-55 age bracket were down by 0.7 years. Americans ages 75 and 85 also saw decreases in life expectancy projections, but less so than younger age groups.
In June, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that 2015 marked the first time in ten years that the American death rate had increased. Unlike trends for other age, racial, and ethnic groups in America, the death rate for middle-aged white Americans is rising, according to a Princeton study released in November 2015. Furthermore, the suicide rate in the US spiked by 24 percent from 1999 to 2014, according to the federal government.
One in three Americans is obese, the CDC said in September 2015. The agency also found that one in three children and teens in America eat fast food daily. Meanwhile, the maternal mortality rate in the US is on par with nations such as Palestine and Libya, according to a study released earlier this month.                             RT

The Other Explanation for Venezuela’s Economic Crisis

By Peter Bolton, Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs
To download a PDF version of this article, click here.
Reports in the English-language press last week highlighted a series of small-scale street protests in Venezuela that bemoaned the scarcity of certain basic products, chronic shortages of medical supplies, and continued power and water outages throughout the country. According to Reuters, for instance, more than a thousand such protests occurred in January and February and, taken together, “show the depth of public anger” and “could become a catalyst for wider unrest.”[1] News accounts proclaiming Venezuela’s state of emergency are not new but in recent weeks have reached hysterical levels, with the Boston-based Global Post claiming that Venezuela’s economic situation is now “worse than 1960s Cuba.”[2]
The mainstream narrative explanation is that the crisis is the result of economic mismanagement and the ideological rigidity of the country’s “authoritarian” Chavista led-government. For instance, Andreas E. Feldmann, Federico Merke, and Oliver Stuenkel, writing for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, wrote last November that “Venezuela’s steep recession has been worsened by economic mismanagement leading to mounting inflation, a widening fiscal deficit, and growing shortages of essential goods including food, soap, and diapers.”[3] Similarly, Arlecchino Gomez at The Daily Signal, wrote, also last November, that Venezuela’s recession “was largely due to government incompetence and mismanagement.”[4]
The Workings of the “Free” Market
These sentiments are strongly predicated on the standard line of economic thought prevailing in the Western media and political class: that stringent price and currency controls are distorting the mechanisms of the “free” market and have led to stagnant production, soaring inflation and a burgeoning black market in U.S. dollars and consumer goods. The explicit or strongly implied conclusion is that the crisis proves beyond doubt that socialism “doesn’t work” and that the solution to Venezuela’s ills is a return with gusto to Chicago School economic policy and hence a restoration of the unimpeded mechanisms of the market. Making this point in Forbes magazine, Tim Walstall goes so far as to compare the situation in Venezuela with the collapse of the Soviet Union; he argues that the solution “is to do as Russia did at the end of their socialist nightmare… [and implement] an immediate move to full blown free marketry [sic].”[5] To achieve this, “regime change” is presented as an imperative prerequisite and the only viable way for things to improve. Michael Shifter, writing in Foreign Affairs, says that even though many on the Latin American left initially found Chavismo an “appealing alternative to market-based approaches,” these days “few dispute that it has failed.”[6]
The Alternative Thesis
Within Venezuela itself, however, this analysis is just one of two competing narratives, both of which are discussed and taken seriously in discussions of policy, governance, and economic dynamics. The economic mismanagement thesis is the natural position taken by the Venezuelan opposition and its allies. But the fact that it is practically the only narrative reported in the English-language press misrepresents the intricacies of Venezuela’s economic problems while revealing how Western media heavily favor the opposition’s analysis, often by its own admission. (Rory Carroll of The Guardian, for instance, boasted that he moved almost exclusively in opposition elite circles while based in Caracas as the paper’s Latin America editor.)
But there is another narrative, favored by the government and the pro-Chavista social movements and civil society sectors, which, it is important to stress, are independent of the government. This perspective can loosely be called the economic war thesis. It explains the crisis in terms of the economic and social dynamics at play outside policy and governmental action. It holds that business sectors friendly to the opposition are waging an aggressive and protracted campaign of economic sabotage to deliberately stir up social unrest to destabilize and discredit the governing Chavista bloc and in the ensuing chaos bring about an end to the PSUV government and the installation of a new one made up of opposition parties. The central pillars of the economic war thesis are that these hostile sectors have been engaging in acts such as hoarding and price speculation and have purposely generated scarcity in pursuit of calculated chaos.
Naturally, all of the allegations that make up this narrative are dismissed out of hand by the opposition, which argues that they amount to a desperate propaganda stunt to shift blame from the government’s own incompetence onto its political opponents. President Nicolás Maduro’s use of the term “bourgeois parasites” in particular has been seized on by opposition commentators to portray him as a hopeless buffoon desperately holding onto to power and flailingly seeking to prop up a failed political project. Friendly commentators in the Western press are equally disparaging, with the aforementioned Michael Shifter, for instance, claiming that these accusations “have no merit,” but do serve to “show that any semblance of cooperation between the executive and the assembly to alleviate the country’s economic collapse is, at least for now, far-fetched.”[7] Similarly, Jeffrey Taylor writes in Foreign Policy, “Maduro’s response [to shortages and currency crises] has been to blame everything on scheming “Yanquis,” Venezuela’s “far-right elite,” the “parasitic bourgeois,” and, of course, the opposition, “even though he has effectively neutralized its leadership.”[8]
But though more scholarly research is necessary for a detailed and considered analysis of the myriad factors contributing to Venezuela’s economic situation, it is worth giving the claims of Chavismo a fair hearing. A fuller picture shows that this alternate thesis should not be so glibly dismissed.
Take hoarding, for instance. Before Hugo Chávez was elected president in 1998, the economic levers of society were near-exclusively in the hands of a social elite of overwhelmingly light-skinned Venezuelans: the inhabitants of the wealthy neighborhoods of Venezuela’s urban centers and wealthy landowners of the campo. Not only were they in charge of importation, distribution and wholesaling of all manner of goods for the Venezuelan markets, but they also had a stranglehold over the state apparatus needed to profiteer from effective importation in the first place. A central goal of Chavismo was to wrest control of the economic levers from this elite and more evenly disperse it throughout society. The Chávez and Maduro administrations have sought to democratize economic decision-making and predicate it on serving the public interest rather than the pursuit of private profit.
Confronting Entrenched Privilege
Political psychology provides important insights into the socio-economic dynamics of Venezuelan society. In his book, Angry White Men, sociologist Michael Kimmel argues that much of white men’s rage in the United States is the result of privileges that were historically bestowed on them gradually becoming less automatic. As historically disadvantaged sectors gain more opportunities and influence, the change appears to the previously favored group as a great injustice.[9] The same dynamic is evident in Venezuela: an unaccountable elite of overwhelmingly white, Euro-descent Venezuelans hold positions of influence and has had control of many of the important economic decisions. In great part the Chavista movement was based on giving voice to the country’s poor majority, which incidentally is overwhelmingly black, brown, indigenous, and/or mixed race. Hugo Chávez was himself of mixed-race heritage, with European, native Venezuelan, and African ancestry. The mere idea that such a person (or mono, meaning monkey, as the opposition frequently called him) could be president and give voice to the dark-skinned chusma was seen as a veritable insult to the Venezuelan elite.
The Chávez and Maduro governments have attempted to transition Venezuela away from a society that has been not only inherently racist and classist, but also highly rigid, stratified and oligarchic. Problems inevitably arise because this elite already holds the reins and can aggressively resist a recalibration of economic and social power. In 1998, the highly corrupt business class controlled almost every economic structure imaginable from distribution of food and production of oil to systems for obtaining dollars and importing consumer goods. As James Petras and Henry Veitmeyer argue in their 2013 book What’s Left in Latin America? Regime Change in New Times, “The government’s socialist project depends on mass social organizations capable of advancing on the economic elite and cleaning the neighborhoods of rightwing thugs, gangsters and paramilitary agents of the Venezuelan oligarchs and [Colombia’s] Uribe regime.”[10] Since these are the people who were already in positions of economic power and influence when the Bolivarian process began, their ability to throw a wrench in the government’s efforts for reform has been formidable. Ryan Mallet-Outtrim, writing in Venezuela Analysis, points out that “Venezuela’s private sector has long attacked the socialist government.” So much so, he adds, “that for years Venezuelans have acknowledged that scarcity of basic consumer goods spikes around important elections, as businesses seek to pressure voters into turning against Chavismo.”[11]
Evidence of such efforts by pro-opposition sectors has not been lacking. Immediately following the opposition victory in the 2015 National Assembly elections, for instance, social media commentators indicated that staple goods miraculously began to reappear on shelves throughout the country.[12] Tellingly, some of the products had expiration dates that suggested that the problem was not with production but rather with distribution, which is largely controlled by the right-wing business elite. By creating this kind of scarcity, the elite were essentially trying to starve the public into rejecting the revolution, a tactic influenced by the United States’ economic blockade against Cuba.
When these dynamics are taken in the wider context of Venezuelan politics over the last two decades, they begin to seem less and less ridiculous and more and more plausible. Throughout the period of Chavismo there have been times when these aggressive tactics of economic sabotage have been too obvious to allow for the opposition’s usual equivocation. During the so-called oil strike, for example, opposition forces led by Venezuela’s largest business association, Fedecamaras, orchestrated a nationwide disruption of oil production in hopes that the ensuing economic chaos would destabilize the government and precipitate a coup.[13] Taken in the context of this history of instigated pandemonium, the economic war thesis emerges as at least equally worthy of consideration as its major competitor.
Internal and External Challenges to the Revolution
None of this is to say, of course, that there are no legitimate criticisms of the central government, far less that the opposition’s explanation for the economic crisis should be dismissed as casually as it dismisses the government’s. Yet there are mitigating factors that must be raised in the government’s defense. The Bolivarian process has attempted not just to pay the social debt that was owed the country’s poor majority, but also to radically transform society by offering an alterative development model to the neoliberal consensus of the 1980s and 1990s that plunged the entire region into disarray. The Chávez and Maduro administrations have attempted this task while facing constant hostility not only from an aggressive internal political opposition that has often resorted to violence, but also from the hemisphere’s hegemon, the United States. Washington, which almost instinctively has been opposed to Chavismo from day one, has consistently interfered in Venezuela’s internal affairs in the hope of crushing the Bolivarian process. From a Bush administration-backed[14] and CIA-aided[15] coup in 2002, in which then-President Chavez was nearly removed from power by force, to refusals to recognize Chavista electoral victories, threats of sanctions, and covert funding for opposition candidates, the United States had been determined to do everything possible to ensure that it would fail. The United States has viciously opposed anything that threatens the dominance of the unfettered neoliberal capitalist vision that it has sought to defend, and then spread, throughout the world. As William Camacaro and COHA Senior Research Fellow Fred Mills wrote early last year in Counterpunch, “A great deal hangs in the balance with regard to the feasibility of advancing a democratic socialist project while under the continuous attack of a U.S.-backed opposition, elements of which are bent on restoring the neoliberal regime.”[16]
The U.S. mainstream media, overwhelmingly owned by large corporations and loyal to their interests, naturally reflects and promulgates the ideological contours of this worldview. Herein lies the explanation for why the debate has been so narrow, so inordinately skewed toward the opposition’s account of the situation, and so disregarding of the complexities and subtleties of the discourse regarding the admittedly tragic and desperate circumstances in which the Venezuelan people find themselves.
By Peter Bolton, Research Fellow at the Council on Hemispheric Affairs
Please accept this document as a free contribution from COHA, but if re-posting, please afford authorial and institutional attribution. Exclusive rights can be negotiated. For additional news and analysis on Latin America, please go to: LatinNews.com and Rights Action.
Featured Photo: Venezuela Central Madeirense. Taken from Wikimedia.
[1] “Small Protests Proliferate in Simmering Venezuela,” The New York Times, accessed March 21, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2016/03/17/world/americas/17reuters-venezuela-politics-protests.html?ref=americas&_r=0.
[2] “Venezuelans in the US say their country is worse than 1960s Cuba,” Global Post, accessed March 21, 2016, http://www.globalpost.com/article/6749177/2016/03/21/venezuelans-us-say-their-country-worse-1960s-cuba.
[3] “Venezuela’s Political Crisis: Can Regional Actors Help?,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, accessed March 21, 2016, http://carnegieendowment.org/2015/11/30/venezuela-s-political-crisis-can-regional-actors-help/im9t.
[4] “Venezuela’s Economic Crisis,” The Daily Signal, accessed March 21, 2016, http://dailysignal.com/2015/11/09/venezuelas-economic-crisis/.
[5] “Venezuela’s Economic Catastrophe Isn’t About To Happen, It Has Happened,” Forbes, accessed March 21, 2016, http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2016/02/07/venezuelas-economic-catastrophe-isnt-about-to-happen-it-has-happened/#41880a0a5a1e.
[6] “Venezuela’s Meltdown Continues,” Foreign Affairs, accessed March 21, 2016, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/venezuela/2016-03-10/venezuelas-meltdown-continues.
[7] Ibid.
[8] Venezuela’s Last Hope, Foreign Policy, accessed March 21, 2016, http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/06/10/venezuelas-last-hope-leopoldo-lopez-maduro/.
[9] Angry White Men: A Book Review, Huffington Post, accessed March 21, 2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tristan-bridges/a-review-of-angry-white-m_b_4611216.html.
[10] James Petras and Henry Veitmeyer, What’s Left in Latin America?: Regime Change in New Times, Routledge (2016).
[11] How Bad is Venezuela’s Economic Situation?, Venezuela Analysis, accessed March 21, 2016, http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/11832.
[12] Basic Goods ‘Suspiciously’ Begin to Appear in Venezuela Stores, TeleSur, accessed March 21, 2016, http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Basic-Goods-Suspiciously-Begin-to-Appear-in-Venezuela-Stores–20151214-0018.html.
[13] “Venezuelan general strike extended,” BBC News, accessed March 21, 2016, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/1918189.stm.
[14] Venezuela Coup Linked to Bush Team,” The Guardian, accessed March 22, 2016, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/21/usa.venezuela.
[15] “The CIA Was Involved In the Coup Against Venezuela’s Chavez,” Venezuela Analysis, accessed March 22, 2016, http://venezuelanalysis.com/analysis/800.
[16] “Revolution, Counter Revolution and the Economic War in Venezuela,” Counterpunch, accessed March 21, 2016, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/01/27/revolution-counter-revolution-and-the-economic-war-in-venezuela/.                                     COHA

The 7 Kings of Revelation 17

and one is, and the other is not yet comeRev 17:10 And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space.

Is this the correct interpretation of this prophecy?
What Kingdom has “not yet come”? Is it Pope Benedict who was the Seventh king?  Is John Paul 2 the next Pope or Pope Peter as predicted by St. Malachi?  Or is that a misinterpretation of God’s word.  Let’s read the answer in verse 12.
Rev 17:12 And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast.
One is “not yet come”(Verse10)….”No Kingdom as yet”(Verse12)(THIS IS IT THE TEN HORNS)
“Continue a short space”(Verse10)…”Power as Kings One Hour”(Verse12) (Again the Ten horns)
Unless Pope Benedict is the 10 horns, he is not the one which continues a short space.  So that very popular prophecy does not fit if we allow the bible to interpret itself and is a misinterpretation and also a private interpretation.
The 10 Kings that reign for 1 hour/short space. United Nations.  The 7th Kingdom of Revelation 17.  Notice that the 10 kings, receive one “kingdom” and continue a short space, and have yet to receive their kingdom.  They are the one that is to come.   So they fit the 7th.  And if we look with care, all of this will make much more sense.
Who are the “Five are Fallen” and “One Is”?
 The 10 Kings that reign for 1 hour/short space. United Nations. The 7th Kingdom of Revelation 17.
The clues are given.  If we read carefully we see the horns of the beast in this prophecy of Revelation 17 have No crowns, whereas in Revelation 13 it has 10 crowns.  And in Revelation 12 it has 7 crowns. The time to which it has 10 crowns are during the 1260 day prophecy.
Rev 13:5  And there was given unto him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies; and power was given unto him to continue forty and two months.
At which point the beast receives a “deadly wound”(verse 3) where it’s power and authority are taken from it.  In other words “no more crowns”.    This is significant when we look at the beast in Revelation 17 and figure out the time as to when the “one is, and the other is not yet come”.
If the beast in Revelation 17 has no crowns, then the time at which “one is” is when there is no power or Kingdom “as of yet” is given to the ten horns.(Rev 17:10, 12)
Notice the red dragon has 7 crowns before the 1260 day prophecy of Revelation 12.
red dragon Rev 12:3  And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten
horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.
The 7 crowns would signify that the time period referred to here is before the 1260 days.  The beast in Revelation 13 did not conquer the 10th kingdom until 538AD when the final horn of Daniel 7 was uprooted. [The Ostrogoths]. See also the Justinian Code.  This is when the beast of Revelation 13 with the 10 crowns received its power.
This prophecy is symbolic of the kingdoms that have reigned on the earth. The conglomerate beast lost the crowns at the end of the 1260 day prophecy when its kingdom was taken.  Let’s examine this beast as there are clues to the other kingdoms before it and we will be able to find the 5 which are fallen.
Rev 13:1 And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.
Rev 13:2 And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority.
Rev 13:3 And I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast.
This beast has 10 crowns.  It is given its power from the dragon which has 7 crowns.
“Whatever Roman elements the barbarians and Arians left … [came] under the protection of the Bishop of Rome, who was the chief person there after the emperor’s disappearance. The Roman Church in this way privily pushed itself into the place of the Roman World-Empire, of which it is the actual continuation.” Adolf Harnack, What is Christianity? (New York: Putnam, second edition, revised, 1901), pp. 269, 270.
“The mighty Catholic Church was little more than the Roman Empire baptized… The very capital of the old Roman Empire became the capital of the Christian empire. The office of pontifex Maximus was continued in that of the pope” (The Rise of the Medieval church, Alexander Clarence Flick.)
In other words, Pagan Rome(The Dragon) gave it’s power to Papal Rome(The Beast).  These powers are seen in Daniel 7.  But also there are 3 other beasts listed from Daniel 7 in this conglomerate beast.  They are the lion, the bear, and the leopard.  This gives us the clue as to who the first kingdoms in this prophecy in Revelation 17 are.
leopard beast bear lion dragonWe see 5 beasts listed in these verses.  Now consider carefully the 5 that are fallen. 
  1. Lion = Babylon
  2. Bear = Medo Persia
  3. Leopard = Grecia
  4. Red Dragon 10  horns 7 crowns = Pagan Rome before 538 AD.
  5. Conglomerate beast of Revelation 13, has all characteristics of the above listed beasts.  And is given its power by the red dragon. (Rev 13:2).  Therefore this is the 5th kingdom.  And it reigns for 1260 days until the crowns are taken.  It has 10 crowns until it falls.
At which point the deadly wound occurs.  The power is taken from this 5th Kingdom which ruled the world for 1260 years during the dark ages.
Rev 17:3  So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.
No Crowns.  Clearly the time period referred to here is after 1798.
Now we’ll come back to this beast in Revelation 17 as well as the woman shortly.  We’ll see who this woman is, and also who this beast is.   God has not left us in the dark on these issues.  This issue should become very clear shortly.  But first before dealing with this beast under the woman, as well as the woman, and the 10 horns, let’s first look at the beast that comes up as the 6th or the “one is”(Rev 17:10)
“One Is”

The rule of the Papacy ended in 1798 exactly 1260 years after the destruction of the Ostrogoths and the implementation of the Justinian decree in 538AD.  Pope Pius vi was taken captive by General Berthier of France. The destruction of the Papacy was thought to be sure when there were more than 1000 priests murdered at that day. This is well known as the deadly wound to the Papacy which is mentioned in Revelation 13.
beasttwo hornsAt the time of the Pope going into captivity we see another beast rising out of the earth. 
Revelation 13:10-12  He that leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity: he that killeth with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.
(11)  And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth; and he had two horns like a lamb, and he spake as a dragon.
(12)  And he exerciseth all the power of the first beast before him, and causeth the earth and them which dwell therein to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed.
“In 1798 General Berthier made his entrance into Rome, abolished the papal government, and established a secular one.” -Encyclopedia Britannica 1941 edition
Right around the time that the Pope Pius was taken captive, we see another beast coming up out of the earth with 2 horns.  No crowns on these horns.   This beast was representative of America, the 2 horns symbolizing Republicanism and Protestantism.  America was founded as a constitutional republic and had declared independence from King George and England in 1776.
This land was declared the land of the free.  It came out of the earth like a lamb and thousands upon thousands sought its shores to escape the tyrannical governments overseas.
“And he had two horns like a lamb.” The lamblike horns indicate youth, innocence, and gentleness, fitly representing the character of the United States when presented to the prophet as “coming up” in 1798. Among the Christian exiles who first fled to America and sought an asylum from royal oppression and priestly intolerance were many who determined to establish a government upon the broad foundation of civil and religious liberty. Their views found place in the Declaration of Independence, which sets forth the great truth that “all men are created equal” and endowed with the inalienable right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.” And the Constitution guarantees to the people the right of self-government, providing that representatives elected by the popular vote shall enact and administer the laws. Freedom of religious faith was also granted, every man being permitted to worship God according to the dictates of his conscience. Republicanism and Protestantism became the fundamental principles of the nation. These principles are the secret of its power and prosperity. The oppressed and downtrodden throughout Christendom have turned to this land with interest and hope. Millions have sought its shores, and the United States has risen to a place among the most powerful nations of the earth. (Ellen White Great Controversy Page 441)
It came up like a lamb, but it will eventually shed it’s principles found in the constitution, and it will stop protesting, and will speak like a dragon.
By the end of the 1260, the beast in Rev 17 has 0 crowns, no monarchy, and 5 are fallen. So the time when 5 are fallen is therefore when there is no monarchy or one world Kingdom reigning the earth as in the past.
1. Lion – Babylon
2. Bear – Medo Persia
3. Leopard – Greece
4. Dragon – Pagan Rome
5. Diverse Beast – Papal Rome Got power from Dragon(Rev 13″2)
“One is”….
6.  America…Second Beast…Not a monarchy…No Crowns
“The other is not yet come”…
7.  10 Horns…These have one mind…Uni…United Nations. Reign for 1 hour as a Kingdom. They have yet to receive the monarchy and ruled as Kings at this point in time. The head being the woman or Papacy, and they are given power apostate Protestant America.
And the 8th which is of the 7 is the beast which was, is not and is.
Protestant America is the 6th.  It begins to speak like a dragon, and finally gives its power to the Papacy.  Quoting Ellen White on the ten horns we read the following.
“And the ten horns which thou sawest are ten kings, which have received no kingdom as yet; but receive power as kings one hour with the beast. These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast.Revelation 17:12, 13. 
As we approach the last crisis, it is of vital moment that harmony and unity exist among the Lord’s instrumentalities. The world is filled with storm and war and variance. Yet under one head—the papal power—the people will unite to oppose God in the person of His witnesses.
woman riding red dragon 7 heads 10 horns 10 crownsWhat is it that gives its kingdom to this power? Protestantism, a power which, while professing to have the temper and spirit of a lamb and to be allied to Heaven, speaks with the voice of a dragon. It is moved by a power from beneath.
“These have one mind.” There will be a universal bond of union, one great harmony, a confederacy of Satan’s forces. “And shall give their power and strength unto the beast.” Thus is manifested the same arbitrary, oppressive power against religious liberty, freedom to worship God according to the dictates of conscience, as was manifested by the papacy, when in the past it persecuted those who dared to refuse to conform with the religious rites and ceremonies of Romanism.
In the warfare to be waged in the last days there will be united, in opposition to God’s people, all the corrupt powers that have apostatized from allegiance to the law of Jehovah. In this warfare the Sabbath of the fourth commandment will be the great point at issue; for in the Sabbath commandment the great Lawgiver identifies Himself as the Creator of the heavens and the earth.
Through the two great errors, the immortality of the soul and Sunday sacredness, Satan will bring the people under his deceptions. While the former lays the foundation of spiritualism, the latter creates a bond of sympathy with Rome. The Protestants of the United States will be foremost in stretching their hands across the gulf to grasp the hand of spiritualism; they will reach over the abyss to clasp hands with the Roman power; and under the influence of this threefold union, this country will follow in the steps of Rome in trampling on the rights of conscience. (Ellen White Maranatha Page 187)
So let’s note a few things from this quote.
1.  The lamblike beast or Apostate Protestant America which speaks like a dragon gives it’s power to the Papacy,
2. The Papacy is the woman on the beast,
3. The ten horns when they receive ten crowns or their kingdom which is the seventh kingdom, these have one mind and give their power unto the beast. These eventually hate the whore.(Rev 17:16, 17)
Now who is the beast under the woman?
Woman = Church  –  Beast = Kingdom
In prophecy a woman represents a church.  The Papacy lost its power.  This woman being a whorish woman did not consider Christ as her king and thus she fornicated with the Kings of the earth.  The mother of the child in Revelation 12 is seen here in the following passage.
Galatians 4:26  But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.
Jerusalem is the mother of us all, and is a symbol of the church of the firstborn, God’s church, the woman in Revelation 12.
Heb 12:22  But ye are come unto mount Sion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels,
Heb 12:23  To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,
Babylon being the counterfeit and one which does not regard Jesus as her husband and King and has played the harlot with the kings of the earth.  She trusts in the world rather than in God, however she tries to portray herself off as the true bride of Christ.
Rev 18:3  For all nations have drunk of the wine of the wrath of her fornication, and the kings of the earth have committed fornication with her, and the merchants of the earth are waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.
This woman likes power, and she also likes to rule and reign.  She wants to rule like Jezebel using the kingly power to persecute Gods people.
Rev 17:3 So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.
Scarlet Beast = Red Dragon

Isa 1:18  Come now, and let us reason together, saith the LORD: though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.
Is this another red beast?  Or is this the same beast offering the woman the chance to rule?
Rev 12:3 And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.
The only difference I’ve noticed between the beast in Revelation 12 and 17 is the number of crowns.
Rev 12:4 And his tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven, and did cast them to the earth: and the dragon stood before the woman which was ready to be delivered, for to devour her child as soon as it was born.
This beast stood before the woman….Is it offering her a ride? In the following verse the woman stood before the beast.
Leviticus 18:23  Neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyself therewith: neither shall any woman stand before a beast to lie down thereto: it is confusion.
Or in other words the Hebrew word for confusion in this instance is “Babel”.
Rev 17:3 So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns.
The red or scarlet beast or dragon is standing before the woman.  It is ready to give her a ride?  And in Revelation 17 she drunken with  the blood of the saints, and she ruled over the kingdoms of the world.
Jesus was also offered all the kingdoms of this world.  Who could offer the kingdoms to him?  “The great dragon… that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world”(Revelation 12:9)
Matthew 4:8-10  Again, the devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them;
(9)  And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.
(10)  Then saith Jesus unto him, Get thee hence, Satan: for it is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve.
Who is it that has power to give the Kingdoms of the world to the Church?  The one in possession of them.
Rev 12:9  And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.
The dragon can represent more kingdoms than just Pagan Rome.  And Pagan Rome is a secondary application.  In the same sense the dragon continues even to the end to make war with the saints.  Therefore his dominion is not yet taken from him in 538AD.
“In the twelfth chapter of Revelation we have as a symbol a great red dragon. In the ninth verse of that chapter this symbol is explained as follows: “And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world; he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.” Undoubtedly the dragon primarilyrepresents Satan. But Satan does not appear upon the earth in person; he works through agents. It was in the person of wicked men that he sought to destroy Jesus as soon as he was born. Wherever Satan has been able to control a government so fully that it would carry out his designs, that nation became, for the time, Satan’s representative. This was the case with all the great heathen nations. For instance, see Ezekiel 28, where Satan is represented as actual king of Tyre. This was because he fully controlled that government. In the first centuries of the Christian era, Rome, of all the pagan nations, was Satan’s chief agent in opposing the gospel, and was therefore represented by the dragon.” {Ellen White Great Controversy 1888 679.4}
Now in this last day, we know that the red dragon is still here, what agent does he work through today? He will work through America and finally through the United Nations.  .  Consider the following carefully understanding that the 6th beast was the beast that came out of the earth and the ones who have sought its shores for safety.
Revelation 12:16-17  And the earth helped the woman, and the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed up the flood which the dragon cast out of his mouth.
(17)  And the dragon was wroth with the woman, and went to make war with the remnant of her seed, which keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ.
Now if the dragon was done reigning in 538AD, how then can it “make war with the remnant of her seed” after the 1260 day prophecy mentioned in Revelation 12:6 and 12:14?  After the ten horns, the woman, and Apostate Protestantism give their power to this beast, we read that this beast is making war with the saints.
Rev 17:13  These have one mind, and shall give their power and strength unto the beast.
Rev 17:14  These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.
The dragon makes war with the saints at the end.  This explains the mystery of the beast which was, and is not, and yet is.
Revelation 17:8-11  The beast that thou sawest was, and is not; and shall ascend out of the bottomless pit, and go into perdition: and they that dwell on the earth shall wonder, whose names were not written in the book of life from the foundation of the world, when they behold the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.
(9)  And here is the mind which hath wisdom. The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman sitteth.
(10)  And there are seven kings: five are fallen, and one is, and the other is not yet come; and when he cometh, he must continue a short space.
(11)  And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.
The beast is not the Papacy, since the Papacy is the woman riding the beast.  The beast is Satan, the horns represent the Kingdoms Satan has and is able to offer to the church.  Satan here again is symbolically represented by a scarlet or red beast.
Was = Had Power(kingdoms, crowns)
Is Not = No Power(kingdoms, crowns)
Shall Ascend(future) = Given Power(Rev 17:13) (kingdoms, crowns)
Revelation 12 and 17 explain the 2 women, Babylon and Jerusalem, one which accepts the power and kingdoms Satan offers to her and she rides the beast.
And these horns will hate the whore or Papacy, and she will be burned with fire.  Clearly the beast and the horns are not the Papacy or woman.
Revelation 17:16-17  And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.
(17)  For God hath put in their hearts to fulfil his will, and to agree, and give their kingdom unto the beast, until the words of God shall be fulfilled.
In this passage, some careful notes must be taken.  The beast which is also the eighth which is Satan is given the kingdom by the 10 horns after the whore is burned.  This therefore is another confirmation that the beast is not the Papacy, neither are the 10 horns.  The beast is symbolic of the people that the Papacy gets power over.  The Papacy is the head of the State until the point at which the State burns her with fire.
Leviticus 21:9  And the daughter of any priest, if she profane herself by playing the whore, she profaneth her father: she shall be burnt with fire.
After burning the whore and fulfilling God’s will for this woman, they then lament for her since she was their way of retaining riches and power.
Rev 18:9  And the kings of the earth, who have committed fornication and lived deliciously with her, shall bewail her, and lament for her, when they shall see the smoke of her burning,
This is where Satans last great deception takes place.
The Personation of Christ
Jesus comingSome are teaching that Satan will come back as John Paul the 2nd and this is the fulfillment of the 8th which is of the 7.  But clearly the 8th is the beast which the Papacy is sitting upon.  Since the Papacy is burned with fire, this beast is a different power from the Papacy.  And when Jesus comes we see the beast as well as the image or false prophet, but the Papacy is not there to make war.
Revelation 19:19-20  And I saw the beast, and the kings of the earth, and their armies, gathered together to make war against him that sat on the horse, and against his army.
(20)  And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone.
Rev 17:11  And the beast that was, and is not, even he is the eighth, and is of the seven, and goeth into perdition.
This beast clearly is not the Papacy as we’ve learned already.  And therefore it is not John Paul the second resurrecting.  However it does symbolize Satan, and Satan will personate someone at the end time.  He will personate Christ, not John Paul the second.  Let’s look at the prophecy.
“When Jesus LEAVES THE MOST HOLY, His restraining Spirit is withdrawn from rulers and people. They are left to the control of evil angels. THEN such LAWS will be made by the counsel and direction of Satan, that unless time should be very short, NO FLESH COULD BE SAVED.”(Testimonies Vol. One, p204)
When Jesus has left the Most Holy Place, then there is no place left to repent as there is no mediator in the sanctuary above.   Some may question what point there is for any test now.  But this is when Satan has that power.  When this comes to pass, the saints then cry for deliverance.
“I saw that the four angels would hold the four winds until Jesus’ work was DONE in the sanctuary, and THEN will come the SEVEN LAST PLAGUES. These plagues enraged the wicked against the righteous; they thought that we had brought the judgments of God upon them, and that if they could rid the earth of us, the plagues would then be stayed. A DECREE went forth to SLAY THE SAINTS, which caused them to cry day and night for deliverance.” (Early Writings 36-37)
They then cry day and night as the plagues are falling, no place is found for deliverance for the wicked.  Satan hears their cry.  And what does he do when he hears the cry of the saints?
“Satan sees that he is about to LOSE HIS CASE. He cannot sweep in the whole world. He makes ONE LAST DESPERATE EFFORT to overcome the faithful by deception. He does this in personating Christ… One effort more, and then Satan’s last device is employed. He hears the UNCEASING CRY FOR CHRIST TO COME, FOR CHRIST TO DELIVER THEM. This last strategy is to PERSONATE CHRIST, and make them think their prayers are answered.” LDE 164-165
This is his last deception.  His last and final effort.  This occurs after Christ has left the most holy place, after probation is closed on the world, after the plagues have started to come down, and into the time of trouble such as never was.  We see this briefly outlined in Matthew 24.

  1. Jesus leaves most Holy Place, Probation closed
  2. Plagues Fall
  3. Wicked enraged
  4. Decree made
  5. Causes Saints to Cry for Deliverance
  6. Satan hears Cry for Deliverance
  7. Satan Personates Christ
Time of Trouble and Personation of Christ in Scripture.
Matthew 24:21-23  For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.
(22)  And except those days should be shortened, there should no flesh be saved: but for the elect’s sake those days shall be shortened.
(23)  Then if any man shall say unto you, Lo, here is Christ, or there; believe it not.
The order of events here is clearly different than that which has been outlined in many of the videos that are proposing that Satan will personate the Pope John Paul the 2nd and resurrect.  This is not sound biblical interpretation.
So let’s review what we’ve learned.
1. Lion – Babylon
2. Bear – Medo Persia
3. Leopard – Greece
4. Dragon – Pagan Rome
5. Diverse Beast – Papal Rome Got power from Dragon(Rev 13″2)
“One is”….
6.  America…Second Beast…Not a monarchy…No Crowns
“The other is not yet come”…
7.  10 Horns…These have one mind…Uni…United Nations. Reign for 1 hour as a Kingdom. They have yet to receive the monarchy and ruled as Kings at this point in time. The head being the woman or Papacy, and they are given power from apostate Protestant America.
“Beast which was, is not, and is yet to come”
8.  Satan  or The Red or Scarlet Dragon, the beast which was, and is not and ascends out of the bottomless pit and can represent many kingdoms, not just pagan Rome, and is the 8th which is of the 7.
The Woman riding this beast = Papacy                                     COTFB

The Little-Known Company That Enables Worldwide Mass Surveillance

, October 23 2016, 4:19 a.m.

It was a powerful piece of technology created for an important customer. The Medusa system, named after the mythical Greek monster with snakes instead of hair, had one main purpose: to vacuum up vast quantities of internet data at an astonishing speed.
The technology was designed by Endace, a little-known New Zealand company. And the important customer was the British electronic eavesdropping agency, Government Communications Headquarters, or GCHQ.
Dozens of internal documents and emails from Endace, obtained by The Intercept and reported in cooperation with Television New Zealand, reveal the firm’s key role helping governments across the world harvest vast amounts of information on people’s private emails, online chats, social media conversations, and internet browsing histories.
The leaked files, which were provided by a source through SecureDrop, show that Endace listed a Moroccan security agency implicated in torture as one of its customers. They also indicate that the company sold its surveillance gear to more than half a dozen other government agencies, including in the United States, Israel, Denmark, Australia, Canada, Spain, and India.
Some of Endace’s largest sales in recent years, however, were to the United Kingdom’s GCHQ, which purchased a variety of “data acquisition” systems and “probes” that it used to covertly monitor internet traffic.
Documents from the National Security Agency whistleblower Edward Snowden, previously disclosed by The Intercept, have shown how GCHQ dramatically expanded its online surveillance between 2009 and 2012. The newly obtained Endace documents add to those revelations, shining light for the first time on the vital role played by the private sector in enabling the spying.
Stuart Wilson, Endace’s CEO, declined to answer questions for this story. Wilson said in a statement that Endace’s technology “generates significant export revenue for New Zealand and builds important technical capability for our country.” He added: “Our commercial technology is used by customers worldwide … who rely on network recording to protect their critical infrastructure and data from cybercriminals, terrorists, and state-sponsored cybersecurity threats.”                         Read More

Ancient Roman Battlefield Uncovered in Jerusalem

Ancient Roman Battlefield Uncovered in Jerusalem

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Archaeologists say they've found evidence of a battlefield from the Roman emperor Titus' siege of Jerusalem in A.D. 70.
Recent excavations revealed a section of the so-called "Third Wall" of Jerusalem that Titus' army breached on its way to conquering the city, according to the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA).
Outside the wall, the archaeologists found that the ground was littered with large ballista stones (stones used as projectiles with a type of crossbow) and sling stones, suggesting that this area had been under heavy fire from Roman siege engines. [See Photos of the Ancient Roman Battlefield]
These archaeological remains were unearthed last winter at the site where the campus of the Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design is to be built, in an area of the city that is known today as the Russian Compound, IAA officials said.
"This is a fascinating testimony of the intensive bombardment by the Roman army, led by Titus, on their way to conquering the city and destroying the Second Temple," the excavation directors, Rina Avner and Kfir Arbib, said in a statement from the IAA. "The bombardment was intended to attack the sentries guarding the wall and provide cover for the Roman forces so they could approach the wall with battering rams and thereby breach the city's defenses."
An eyewitness to the war, historian Flavius Josephus, wrote the seminal account of the Roman siege of Jerusalem, which included key details about the Third Wall.
Josephus said the wall was built to protect a neighborhood called Beit Zeita, which was built outside the city's boundaries at the time. The construction was started by Agrippa I, King of Judea, and was finished two decades later to help fortify the city as Jewish rebels prepared to revolt against Rome in A.D. 66.
Ultimately, the uprising against Rome was unsuccessful, and in A.D. 70, the Romans took back Jerusalem and destroyed much of the city, including the Second Temple.
The newly uncovered section of the wall is 6.2 feet (1.9 meters) wide. Pottery discovered at the site suggests that this battlefield dates back to Roman times, the archaeologists said. They also discovered the remains of a watchtower along the wall.
The new findings could help settle some debate about the exact location of the Third Wall, which has been going on ever since archaeologist Edward Robinson claimed to have found a portion of the wall in 1838. The discoveries will be presented next week at the New Studies in the Archaeology of Jerusalem and its Region conference.

Wednesday, October 26, 2016

Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress excerpted from a People's History of the United States


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By Howard Zinn

Arawak men and women, naked, tawny, and full of wonder, emerged from their villages onto the island's beaches and swam out to get a closer look at the strange big boat. When Columbus and his sailors came ashore, carrying swords, speaking oddly, the Arawaks ran to greet them, brought them food, water, gifts. He later wrote of this in his log:

"They... brought us parrots and balls of cotton and spears and many other things, which they exchanged for the glass beads and hawks' bells. They willingly traded everything they owned.... They were well-built, with good bodies and handsome features.... They do not bear arms, and do not know them, for I showed them a sword, they took it by the edge and cut themselves out of ignorance. They have no iron. Their spears are made of cane.... They would make fine servants.... With fifty men we could subjugate them all and make them do whatever we want."

These Arawaks of the Bahama Islands were much like Indians on the mainland, who were remarkable (European observers were to say again and again) for their hospitality, their belief in sharing. These traits did not stand out in the Europe of the Renaissance, dominated as it was by the religion of popes, the government of kings, the frenzy for money that marked Western civilization and its first messenger to the Americas, Christopher Columbus.

Columbus wrote:

"As soon as I arrived in the Indies, on the first Island which I found, I took some of the natives by force in order that they might learn and might give me information of whatever there is in these parts."

The information that Columbus wanted most was: Where is the gold?

****

The Indians, Columbus reported, "are so naive and so free with their possessions that no one who has not witnessed them would believe it. When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone...." He concluded his report by asking for a little help from their Majesties, and in return he would bring them from his next voyage "as much gold as they need . . . and as many slaves as they ask." He was full of religious talk: "Thus the eternal God, our Lord, gives victory to those who follow His way over apparent impossibilities."

Because of Columbus's exaggerated report and promises, his second expedition was given seventeen ships and more than twelve hundred men. The aim was clear: slaves and gold. They went from island to island in the Caribbean, taking Indians as captives. But as word spread of the Europeans' intent they found more and more empty villages. On Haiti, they found that the sailors left behind at Fort Navidad had been killed in a battle with the Indians, after they had roamed the island in gangs looking for gold, taking women and children as slaves for sex and labor.

Now, from his base on Haiti, Columbus sent expedition after expedition into the interior. They found no gold fields, but had to fill up the ships returning to Spain with some kind of dividend. In the year 1495, they went on a great slave raid, rounded up fifteen hundred Arawak men, women, and children, put them in pens guarded by Spaniards and dogs, then picked the five hundred best specimens to load onto ships. Of those five hundred, two hundred died en route. The rest arrived alive in Spain and were put up for sale by the archdeacon of the town, who reported that, although the slaves were "naked as the day they were born," they showed "no more embarrassment than animals." Columbus later wrote: "Let us in the name of the Holy Trinity go on sending all the slaves that can be sold."

But too many of the slaves died in captivity. And so Columbus, desperate to pay back dividends to those who had invested, had to make good his promise to fill the ships with gold. In the province of Cicao on Haiti, where he and his men imagined huge gold fields to exist, they ordered all persons fourteen years or older to collect a certain quantity of gold every three months. When they brought it, they were given copper tokens to hang around their necks. Indians found without a copper token had their hands cut off and bled to death.

The Indians had been given an impossible task. The only gold around was bits of dust garnered from the streams. So they fled, were hunted down with dogs, and were killed.

Trying to put together an army of resistance, the Arawaks faced Spaniards who had armor, muskets, swords, horses. When the Spaniards took prisoners they hanged them or burned them to death. Among the Arawaks, mass suicides began, with cassava poison. Infants were killed to save them from the Spaniards. In two years, through murder, mutilation, or suicide, half of the 250,000 Indians on Haiti were dead.

When it became clear that there was no gold left, the Indians were taken as slave labor on huge estates, known later as encomiendas. They were worked at a ferocious pace, and died by the thousands. By the year 1515, there were perhaps fifty thousand Indians left. By 1550, there were five hundred. A report of the year 1650 shows none of the original Arawaks or their descendants left on the island.

The chief source-and, on many matters the only source-of in formation about what happened on the islands after Columbus came is Bartolome de las Casas, who, as a young priest, participated in the conquest of Cuba. For a time he owned a plantation on which Indian slaves worked, but he gave that up and became a vehement critic of Spanish cruelty.

*****

In Book Two of his History of the Indies, Las Casas (who at first urged replacing Indians by black slaves, thinking they were stronger and would survive, but later relented when he saw the effects on blacks) tells about the treatment of the Indians by the Spaniards. It is a unique account and deserves to be quoted at length:

"Endless testimonies . . . prove the mild and pacific temperament of the natives.... But our work was to exasperate, ravage, kill, mangle and destroy; small wonder, then, if they tried to kill one of us now and then.... The admiral, it is true, was blind as those who came after him, and he was so anxious to please the King that he committed irreparable crimes against the Indians..."

Las Casas tells how the Spaniards "grew more conceited every day" and after a while refused to walk any distance. They "rode the backs of Indians if they were in a hurry" or were carried on hammocks by Indians running in relays. "In this case they also had Indians carry large leaves to shade them from the sun and others to fan them with goose wings."

Total control led to total cruelty. The Spaniards "thought nothing of knifing Indians by tens and twenties and of cutting slices off them to test the sharpness of their blades." Las Casas tells how "two of these so-called Christians met two Indian boys one day, each carrying a parrot; they took the parrots and for fun beheaded the boys."

The Indians' attempts to defend themselves failed. And when they ran off into the hills they were found and killed. So, Las Casas reports. "they suffered and died in the mines and other labors in desperate silence, knowing not a soul in the world to whom they could tun for help." He describes their work in the mines:

"... mountains are stripped from top to bottom and bottom to top a thousand times; they dig, split rocks, move stones, and carry dirt on their backs to wash it in the rivers, while those who wash gold stay in the water all the time with their backs bent so constantly it breaks them; and when water invades the mines, the most arduous task of all is to dry the mines by scooping up pansful of water and throwing it up outside....

After each six or eight months' work in the mines, which was the time required of each crew to dig enough gold for melting, up to a third of the men died. While the men were sent many miles away to the mines, the wives remained to work the soil, forced into the excruciating job of digging and making thousands of hills for cassava plants.

Thus husbands and wives were together only once every eight or ten months and when they met they were so exhausted and depressed on both sides . . . they ceased to procreate. As for the newly born, they died early because their mothers, overworked and famished, had no milk to nurse them, and for this reason, while I was in Cuba, 7000 children died in three months. Some mothers even drowned their babies from sheer desperation.... In this way, husbands died in the mines, wives died at work, and children died from lack of milk . . . and in a short time this land which was so great, so powerful and fertile ... was depopulated.... My eyes have seen these acts so foreign to human nature, and now I tremble as I write...."

When he arrived on Hispaniola in 1508, Las Casas says, "there were 60,000 people living on this island, including the Indians; so that from 1494 to 1508, over three million people had perished from war, slavery, and the mines. Who in future generations will believe this? I myself writing it as a knowledgeable eyewitness can hardly believe it...."

Thus began the history, five hundred years ago, of the European invasion of the Indian settlements in the Americas. That beginning, when you read Las Casas-even if his figures are exaggerations (were there 3 million Indians to begin with, as he says, or less than a million, as some historians have calculated, or 8 million as others now believe?) is conquest, slavery, death. When we read the history books given to children in the United States, it all starts with heroic adventure-there is no bloodshed-and Columbus Day is a celebration.

*****

The treatment of heroes (Columbus) and their victims (the Arawaks) the quiet acceptance of conquest and murder in the name of progress-is only one aspect of a certain approach to history, in which the past is told from the point of view of governments, conquerors, diplomats, leaders. It is as if they, like Columbus, deserve universal acceptance, as if they-the Founding Fathers, Jackson, Lincoln, Wilson, Roosevelt, Kennedy, the leading members of Congress, the famous Justices of the Supreme Court-represent the nation as a whole. The pretense is that there really is such a thing as "the United States," subject to occasional conflicts and quarrels, but fundamentally a community of people with common interests. It is as if there really is a "national interest" represented in the Constitution, in territorial expansion, in the laws passed by Congress, the decisions of the courts, the development of capitalism, the culture of education and the mass media.

"History is the memory of states," wrote Henry Kissinger in his first book, A World Restored, in which he proceeded to tell the history of nineteenth-century Europe from the viewpoint of the leaders of Austria and England, ignoring the millions who suffered from those states men's policies. From his standpoint, the "peace" that Europe had before the French Revolution was "restored" by the diplomacy of a few national leaders.

But for factory workers in England, farmers in France, colored people in Asia and Africa, women and children everywhere except in the upper classes, it was a world of conquest, violence, hunger, exploitation-a world not restored but disintegrated.

*****

When the Pilgrims came to New England they too were coming not to vacant land but to territory inhabited by tribes of Indians. The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, created the excuse to take Indian land by declaring the area legally a "vacuum." The Indians, he said, had not "subdued" the land, and therefore had only a "natural" right to it, but not a "civil right." A "natural right" did not have legal standing.

The Puritans also appealed to the Bible, Psalms 2:8: "Ask of me, and I shall give thee, the heathen for thine inheritance, and the uttermost parts of the earth for thy possession." And to justify their use of force to take the land, they cited Romans 13:2: "Whosoever therefore resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God: and they that resist shall receive to themselves damnation."

*****

The Indian population of 10 million that lived north of Mexico when Columbus came would ultimately be reduced to less than a million. Huge numbers of Indians would die from diseases introduced by the whites. A Dutch traveler in New Netherland wrote in 1656 that "the Indians . . . affirm, that before the arrival of the Christians, and before the smallpox broke out amongst them, they were ten times as numerous as they now are, and that their population had been melted down by this disease, whereof nine-tenths of them have died." When the English first settled Martha's Vineyard in 1642, the Wampanoags there numbered perhaps three thousand. There were no wars on that island, but by 1764, only 313 Indians were left there. Similarly, Block Island Indians numbered perhaps 1,200 to 1,500 in 1662, and by 1774 were reduced to fifty-one.

Behind the English invasion of North America, behind their massacre of Indians, their deception, their brutality, was that special powerful drive born in civilizations based on private property. It was a morally ambiguous drive; the need for space, for land, was a real human need. But in conditions of scarcity, in a barbarous epoch of history ruled by competition, this human need was transformed into the murder of whole peoples.                  Third World Traveler