Is moderate alcohol consumption healthy?

Sebastian Rushworth   19 February, 2021

I'm going to start this article by revealing my own biases. I'm not sure where the idea that alcohol might be healthy comes from. It's pretty well established that alcohol is poisonous to all living organisms. That's why we use it to disinfect surfaces, and why I lather my hands in it several times per hour when I'm working in the hospital. It interferes with the functioning of cell membranes, and at high enough doses it causes the cell membranes to fall apart completely, killing the immersed organisms. That's the reason it is such an effective disinfectant. It doesn't take a great leap to think that something that interferes with the functioning of our cell membranes might not be too good for us.

As an interesting aside, the alcohol disinfectant I use to rub my hands in at work is perfectly drinkable, if you're desperate enough. Which is why the nurses generally remove all the disinfectant containers from the patient's room if they know the patient has an alcohol addiction.

Alcohol is a very energy dense molecule. One gram of alcohol (a.k.a. ethanol) contains 7 calories. This can be compared to carbohydrates and protein, which both provide 4 calories per gram, and fat, which provides 9 calories. This is probably why we've evolved the ability to metabolize alcohol and turn it in to energy in the first place. Those of our ancestors who could eat any fermented fruit they happened to come across were less likely to starve. Which is the reason why it's possible to subsist (for a while at least) on a diet consisting entirely of alcohol. It's also the reason alcoholics generally develop severe vitamin deficiencies - they're getting most of their energy needs met from a source that is completely devoid of other nutrients. I don't recommend.

So where does the idea that moderate alcohol consumption is healthy come from? My guess would be that the companies that sell alcohol have something to do with it. I wouldn't be the least bit surprised to find that they'd seeded the scientific literature with articles supporting the healthiness of alcohol, just as the sugar industry has seeded the literature with articles supporting the healthiness of sugar. It could also have something to do with the fact that moderate alcohol consumption is part of the mediterranean diet, which we've been told for decades is one of the healthiest ways to eat.